Thermodynamics Ch 6
Bonding and IMFs Ch 8 and 9
Acids, Bases, & Buffers: Ch 14-15
Equilibrium: Ch 13
Kinetics: Ch 12
Solutions: Ch 4
Intro and Stoich: Ch1-3
- Perform stoichiometric calculations with the enthalpy of the reaction
- Perform calculations with specific heat
- Discuss how a calorimeter is used and perform related calculations
- Draw, label, and perform associated calculations for heating curves involving specific heat and changes in enthalpy for phase changes
- draw and label potential energy diagrams for chemical reactions
Bonding and IMFs Ch 8 and 9
- Identify the characteristics of ionic and covalent bonding
- Identify the relative sizes of ions
- identify the effect of lattice energy on melting points of ionic compounds
- Use electronegativity to predict the polarity of covalent bonds
- Draw Lewis diagrams for atoms, molecular compounds, and polyatomic ions
- assign molecular shapes using the VSEPR model for molecules, polyatomic ions, and multi-centered molecules and polyatomic ions, from linear through the octahedral shape
- assign hybridization to central atoms of molecules and polyatomic ions
- compare bond lengths and bond strengths in molecules
- Identify the intermolecular forces in a substance
- Know the difference between intramolecular forces (chemical bonds) and intermolecular forces (forces of attraction)
- Predict and explain the properties of substances based on their chemical formulas, and to provide explanations based on drawing representations of the substances and their intermolecular forces.
- explain the differences between LDF, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding
- Perform calculations with gas laws: Boyle's, Charles', Avogadro's, and ideal
- Perform calculations with the ideal gas law to find the density or molar mass of the gas
- Interpret or draw graphical relationships between gas variables
- Perform stoichiometric calculations for reactions which involve gases as reactants, products, or both.
- Perform calculations with molar volume
- Perform calculations with Dalton's law of partial pressures for a mixture of gases
- Perform calculations for gases collected over water
- Use kinetic-molecular theory (KMY) and knowledge of intermolecular forces to predict ideal and non-ideal gas properties
- Draw representations of gas-phase materials that illustrate the intermolecular forces and the effects of changing physical conditions on the materials
- Use data regarding real gases to identify deviations from ideal gas behavior and identify the molecular interactions leading to these deviations
Acids, Bases, & Buffers: Ch 14-15
- Understand the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory
- Identify strong acids and bases and calculate their pH's
- Calculate the pH of a weak acid or base
- Calculate the concentration of a strong or weak acid or base from its pH
- Calculate the pH and ion concentrations in a polyprotic acid
- Predict the pH of a salt from its formula and then calculate the pH of the salt
- Identify the components of a buffer and perform calculations involving strong acid-strong base titrations as well as weak acid-strong base and weak base-strong acid calculations
- Perform calculations involving strong acid-strong base titrations as well as weak acid-strong base and weak base-strong acid calculations
- Be familiar with titration curves and selection of an acid-base indicator
- Write balanced equations for the dissolution of a salt and its corresponding solubility product expression
- Predict the relative solubilities of salts which dissolve to give the same number of ions from their Ksp values
- Calculate the Ksp value from the solubility of the salt in units of mol/L or g/L from the given Ksp value
- Predict the effect of a common ions on the solubility f a sat and perform calculations
- Perform calculations to predict if a precipitate will form when two solutions are mixed.
Equilibrium: Ch 13
- Write equilibrium expressions for a given reaction
- Calculate Q and compare it to K to determine if a reaction is at equilibrium
- Manipulate K if a reaction is reversed or multiplied by a coefficient
- Calculate K from given equilibrium concentrations, or if given K and all except one equilibrium concentration, solve for the missing value
- Calculate equilibrium concentrations (or one of the missing variables) if given any two of the following values: K, the initial concentrations, one equilibrium concentration
- Do calculations involving gaseous equilibria, partial pressures, and Kp
- Use Le Chatelier's principle to determine in what direction the position of equilibrium will shift when a change is imposed
- Calculate the value of K from thermodynamic values such as deltaG (Gibbs free energy)
- Write balanced equations for the dissolution of a salt and its corresponding solubility product expression
- Predict the relative solubilities of salts which dissolve to give the same number of ions from their Ksp values
- Calculate the Ksp value from the solubility of the salt in units of mol/L or g/L from the given Ksp value
- Predict the effect of a common ions on the solubility f a sat and perform calculations
- Perform calculations to predict if a precipitate will form when two solutions are mixed.
Kinetics: Ch 12
- Identify factors which affect reaction rates
- Calculate the rate of production of a product or consumption of a reactant using mole rations and the given rate
- Determine the rate law for a reaction from given data, overall order, and value of the rate constant, inclusive of units
- Determine the instantaneous rate of a reaction
- Use the integrated rate laws to determine concentrations at a certain time, t, and create graphs to determine the order of a reaction. Also, determine the half-life of a reaction
- Explain how collision theory supports observations of reactions and reaction rates
- Write the rate law from a given mechanism given the speeds of each elementary step
- Write the overall reaction for a mechanism and identify catalysts and intermediates present.
Solutions: Ch 4
- Perform calculations with different solution concentrations such as molarity and dilution
- Explain how the attractions between ions and solvents affect factors determining the solubility of ionic solids and molecules in water and other solvents
- Draw pictures of or explain representations of solutions that illustrate the interactions between solute and solvent
- Design or explain the results of separation experiments (chromatography, filtration, distillation) based on the relative strengths of interactions among and between the components. Draw pictures of or explain representations of solutions that illustrate the interactions.
Intro and Stoich: Ch1-3
- Identify the number of significant figures in a given measurement
- Perform calculations involving significant figures
- know the rules for counting and performing operations with significant figures
- Differentiate between accuracy and precision as they apply to measurement
- Determine the density of solids and liquids and calculate volumes or masses using the given density
- Convert between units of temperature: degrees Celsius and Kelvin
- Identify the characteristics of the states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases
- Identify changes as being physical or chemical
- Name compounds and write formulas for binary compounds, ternary compounds (ones with polyatomic), and acids
- Know chemical formulas and charges of polyatomics and the most common transition metal ions
- Classify reactions by type
- Write balanced molecular equations, complete ionic equations, and net ionic equations
- Predict if a precipitate will form using solubility rules
- Identify a reaction as oxidation-reduction based on evidence of electron transfer
- Predict products or reactions, given the chemical names of the reactants
- Describe how to prepare solutions and to use titration data to determine the molarity of solutions
- Write balanced chemical equations and predict the amount or product formed from a given mass of reactant or the amount of reactant required to produced a desired amount of product
- Identify limiting reactants, and calculate the amount of product formed when given the amounts of all of the reactants present
- Calculate the percent yield of a reaction
- For reactions in solution, given the molarity and the volume of the reactants, calculate the amount of product produced or the amount of reactant required to react
- Use data from a titration, or describe an experiment using titration, to find the concentration of a solution